“vanity” of life

From ESV Study Bible.

The “vanity” of life. The book begins and ends with the exclamation, “Vanity of vanities! All is vanity” (Eccles. 1:2; 12:8). While “vanity” is obviously a key word throughout the book (its 38 occurrences account for more than half of its total usage in the OT), it is notoriously difficult to translate. Literally the word means “vapor” (see esv footnote on 1:2) and conjures up a picture of something fleeting, ephemeral, and elusive, with different nuances to be ascertained from each context. When applied to human undertakings or the pleasures and joys of earthly life, it indicates that “the present form of this world is passing away” (1 Cor. 7:31); applied to the darker realities of living in a fallen world (e.g., death), it expresses frustration, anger, or sorrow; applied to the Preacher's search for understanding of all things, it indicates something that remained incomprehensible or inscrutable to him (e.g., Eccles. 1:14–15). This last-mentioned usage is particularly significant, as the book presents itself as primarily a quest to “figure out” all of life (see esp. 1:12–18).

The Hall of Faith in Hebrews 11

OT person of faith Reference in Hebrews 11 Reference in OT
Abel 11:4 Genesis 4
Enoch 11:5 Gen. 5:18–24
Noah 11:7 Gen. 5:29–10:32
Abraham 11:8–19 Genesis 12–25; etc.
Sarah 11:11 Genesis 12–23; Isa. 51:2
Isaac 11:17–20 Genesis 17–35; etc.
Jacob 11:21 Genesis 25–50; etc.
Joseph 11:21–22 Genesis 37–50; etc.
Moses 11:23–28 Ex. 2:10 and throughout the Pentateuch; etc.
Rahab 11:31 Josh. 2:1, 3; 6:17–25
Gideon 11:32 Judges 6–8
Barak 11:32 Judges 4–5
Samson 11:32 Judges 13–16
Jephthah 11:32 Judges 11–12; 1 Sam. 12:11
David 11:32 Ruth 4; 1–2 Samuel; etc.
Samuel 11:32 1 Samuel; 1 Chronicles 6; 9; 11; 26; 2 Chron. 35:18

ESV Study Bible : Phil 3:9

and be found in him, not having a righteousness of my own that comes from the law, but that which comes through faith in Christ, the righteousness from God that depends on faith—Phil 3:9

Phil. 3:9 Found in him means being spiritually united to Christ and therefore found not guilty before God as divine judge. Paul had trusted in a righteousness of my own based on obedience to the law rather than the right standing before God that comes through faith in Christ. God “imputes” Christ's lifelong record of perfect obedience to the person who trusts in him for salvation; that is, he thinks of Christ's obedience as belonging to that person, and therefore that person stands before God not as “guilty” but as “righteous.” This is the basis on which justification by faith alone is considered “fair” in God's sight. As explained in Rom. 10:1–8, righteousness cannot come by the law because all human beings sin, and therefore right standing before God as the divine judge is possible only through faith in Jesus Christ, who is the believer's righteousness before God. See note on Gal. 2:16. « Less